Medicine
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Brain physiology
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Brain physiology
From a physiological point of view, the brain is the main center of somatic, relational and intellectual life, to which (and more precisely to its cerebral cortex) stimuli come. These stimuli, transmitted from the periphery by sensory nerves, are transformed into conscious impulses and sensations. From the cortex come the voluntary responses that reach the muscles and peripheral organs through the motor nerves. In certain areas of the cortex (projection areas) are located the various faculties of the brain (motor, general sensitivity and sensory organs), although the concept of localization cannot be rigidly defined because each brain area is integrated with the others in a framework of general coordination.
The two hemispheres do not perform the same physiological functions; in fact, the left hemisphere is the seat of particularly important motor centers of articulated speech, writing, memory of known words, association between verbal expression and images or ideas, while the right hemisphere is involved in non-linguistic activities and has above all the ability to understand visual messages as a whole, taking into account emotional values. A bridge of nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres allows the exchange of information. Finally, as far as intellectual activity is concerned, at the present state of knowledge it is believed that there is no specific area where ideas originate or where memory is located; rather, it is believed that these capacities are distributed throughout the cerebral cortex and are realized through the association of different higher nervous centers.
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